Rails (ou Ruby on Rails dit aussi RoR)

Rails est un cadriciel libre orienté dans le développement d'applications web, et développé lui-même dans le langage Ruby. Les versions concernées par cette documentation sont celles de Ubuntu 14.04 Rails 3.2, et de Ubuntu 16.04 Rails 4.2.

• Disposer des droits d'administration.
• Disposer d'une connexion à Internet configurée et activée.

Pour installer ce logiciel, il suffit d'installer le paquet Rails, qui installera en même temps toutes les dépendances necessaires dont le langage Ruby et les fonctionnalités SQLite3.

La configuration de Rails s'effectue automatiquement pour chaque application créée dans son dossier , voir ci-après.

Pour modifier le comportement de Rails lui-même, utilisez les options sur la ligne de commande :

man rails 

que vous pouvez aussi obtenir avec juste la commande rails ou :

rails new -h
Usage:
  rails new APP_PATH [options]
 
Options:
  -r, [--ruby=PATH]                                      # Path to the Ruby binary of your choice
                                                         # Default: /usr/bin/ruby
  -m, [--template=TEMPLATE]                              # Path to some application template (can be a filesystem path or URL)
      [--skip-gemfile], [--no-skip-gemfile]              # Don't create a Gemfile
  -B, [--skip-bundle], [--no-skip-bundle]                # Don't run bundle install
  -G, [--skip-git], [--no-skip-git]                      # Skip .gitignore file
      [--skip-keeps], [--no-skip-keeps]                  # Skip source control .keep files
  -O, [--skip-active-record], [--no-skip-active-record]  # Skip Active Record files
  -S, [--skip-sprockets], [--no-skip-sprockets]          # Skip Sprockets files
      [--skip-spring], [--no-skip-spring]                # Don't install Spring application preloader
  -d, [--database=DATABASE]                              # Preconfigure for selected database (options: mysql/oracle/postgresql/sqlite3/frontbase/ibm_db/sqlserver/jdbcmysql/jdbcsqlite3/jdbcpostgresql/jdbc)
                                                         # Default: sqlite3
  -j, [--javascript=JAVASCRIPT]                          # Preconfigure for selected JavaScript library
                                                         # Default: jquery
  -J, [--skip-javascript], [--no-skip-javascript]        # Skip JavaScript files
      [--dev], [--no-dev]                                # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to your Rails checkout
      [--edge], [--no-edge]                              # Setup the application with Gemfile pointing to Rails repository
      [--skip-turbolinks], [--no-skip-turbolinks]        # Skip turbolinks gem
  -T, [--skip-test-unit], [--no-skip-test-unit]          # Skip Test::Unit files
      [--rc=RC]                                          # Path to file containing extra configuration options for rails command
      [--no-rc], [--no-no-rc]                            # Skip loading of extra configuration options from .railsrc file
 
Runtime options:
  -f, [--force]                    # Overwrite files that already exist
  -p, [--pretend], [--no-pretend]  # Run but do not make any changes
  -q, [--quiet], [--no-quiet]      # Suppress status output
  -s, [--skip], [--no-skip]        # Skip files that already exist
 
Rails options:
  -h, [--help], [--no-help]        # Show this help message and quit
  -v, [--version], [--no-version]  # Show Rails version number and quit
 
Description:
    The 'rails new' command creates a new Rails application with a default
    directory structure and configuration at the path you specify.
 
    You can specify extra command-line arguments to be used every time
    'rails new' runs in the .railsrc configuration file in your home directory.
 
    Note that the arguments specified in the .railsrc file don't affect the
    defaults values shown above in this help message.
 
Example:
    rails new ~/Code/Ruby/weblog
 
    This generates a skeletal Rails installation in ~/Code/Ruby/weblog.
    See the README in the newly created application to get going.

• Générez le squelette de l'application : cette commande créera un dossier nommé weblog dans votre dossier personnel, et auto-configurera toutes les fonctionnalités nécessaires (base sqlite3, mini serveur web).

rails new $HOME/weblog
      create  
      create  README.rdoc
      create  Rakefile
      create  config.ru
      create  .gitignore
      create  Gemfile
      create  app
      create  app/assets/javascripts/application.js
      create  app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
      create  app/controllers/application_controller.rb
      create  app/helpers/application_helper.rb
      create  app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
      create  app/assets/images/.keep
      create  app/mailers/.keep
      create  app/models/.keep
      create  app/controllers/concerns/.keep
      create  app/models/concerns/.keep
      create  bin
      create  bin/bundle
      create  bin/rails
      create  bin/rake
      create  bin/setup
      create  config
      create  config/routes.rb
      create  config/application.rb
      create  config/environment.rb
      create  config/secrets.yml
      create  config/environments
      create  config/environments/development.rb
      create  config/environments/production.rb
      create  config/environments/test.rb
      create  config/initializers
      create  config/initializers/assets.rb
      create  config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb
      create  config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb
      create  config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb
      create  config/initializers/inflections.rb
      create  config/initializers/mime_types.rb
      create  config/initializers/session_store.rb
      create  config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb
      create  config/locales
      create  config/locales/en.yml
      create  config/boot.rb
      create  config/database.yml
      create  db
      create  db/seeds.rb
      create  lib
      create  lib/tasks
      create  lib/tasks/.keep
      create  lib/assets
      create  lib/assets/.keep
      create  log
      create  log/.keep
      create  public
      create  public/404.html
      create  public/422.html
      create  public/500.html
      create  public/favicon.ico
      create  public/robots.txt
      create  test/fixtures
      create  test/fixtures/.keep
      create  test/controllers
      create  test/controllers/.keep
      create  test/mailers
      create  test/mailers/.keep
      create  test/models
      create  test/models/.keep
      create  test/helpers
      create  test/helpers/.keep
      create  test/integration
      create  test/integration/.keep
      create  test/test_helper.rb
      create  tmp/cache
      create  tmp/cache/assets
      create  vendor/assets/javascripts
      create  vendor/assets/javascripts/.keep
      create  vendor/assets/stylesheets
      create  vendor/assets/stylesheets/.keep
         run  bundle install --local
Resolving dependencies...
Using rake 10.5.0
Using i18n 0.7.0
Using json 1.8.3
Using minitest 5.8.4
Using thread_safe 0.3.5
Using builder 3.2.2
Using erubis 2.7.0
Using nokogiri 1.6.7.2
Using rack 1.6.4
Using mime-types 2.6.1
Using arel 6.0.3
Using debug_inspector 0.0.2
Using bundler 1.11.2
Using columnize 0.9.0
Using coffee-script-source 1.9.1.1
Using execjs 2.6.0
Using thor 0.19.1
Using multi_json 1.11.2
Using rdoc 4.2.1
Using sass 3.4.21
Using tilt 2.0.1
Using spring 1.3.6
Using sqlite3 1.3.11
Using tzinfo 1.2.2
Using loofah 2.0.3
Using rack-test 0.6.3
Using sprockets 3.3.0
Using mail 2.6.3
Using binding_of_caller 0.7.2
Using byebug 5.0.0
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using uglifier 2.7.2
Using sdoc 0.4.1
Using activesupport 4.2.6
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3
Using rails-deprecated_sanitizer 1.0.3
Using globalid 0.3.6
Using activemodel 4.2.6
Using jbuilder 2.3.1
Using rails-dom-testing 1.0.6
Using activejob 4.2.6
Using activerecord 4.2.6
Using actionview 4.2.6
Using actionpack 4.2.6
Using actionmailer 4.2.6
Using railties 4.2.6
Using sprockets-rails 2.3.2
Using coffee-rails 4.1.0
Using jquery-rails 4.0.5
Using rails 4.2.6
Using sass-rails 5.0.4
Using web-console 2.2.1
Using turbolinks 2.5.3
Bundle complete! 12 Gemfile dependencies, 53 gems now installed.
Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
         run  bundle exec spring binstub --all
* bin/rake: spring inserted
* bin/rails: spring inserted

• Lancez ensuite le serveur Rails pour exécuter l'application weblog

cd $HOME/weblog
bin/rails server
=> Booting WEBrick
=> Rails 4.2.6 application starting in development on http://localhost:3000
=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server
[2017-07-17 01:28:37] INFO  WEBrick 1.3.1
[2017-07-17 01:28:37] INFO  ruby 2.3.1 (2016-04-26) [x86_64-linux-gnu]
[2017-07-17 01:28:37] INFO  WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=1849 port=3000
 
 
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2017-07-17 01:34:32 -1000
Processing by Rails::WelcomeController#index as HTML
  Rendered /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/rails/templates/rails/welcome/index.html.erb (0.0ms)
Completed 200 OK in 1ms (Views: 0.7ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)

cd $HOME/weblog
rake db:create

rails server

• Lancez le navigateur web à l'adresse localhost:3000, exemple avec midori

midori http://localhost:3000

Les utilisateurs et programmeurs avancés pourront configurer Rails avec d'autres serveurs web comme Apache :

• modules Phusion Passenger Rails et Rack pour Apache libapache2-mod-passenger ,

ou d'autres moteurs de bases de données comme MySQL, PostgreSQL, ou via la connexion de bases JDBC. Lire soigneusement les guides de rubyonrails et l'API.

Pour supprimer cette application, il suffit de supprimer son paquet. Selon la méthode choisie, la configuration globale de l'application est conservée ou supprimée. Les journaux du système, et les fichiers de préférence des utilisateurs dans leurs dossiers personnels sont toujours conservés.

• (en) Rails
• (fr) Ruby on Rails sur Wikipédia
• (fr) Vos premiers pas en Ruby on Rails

—- Correcteur : J5012.

Basé sur Getting Started with Rails par http://guides.rubyonrails.org/credits.html.